{"id":2343,"date":"2023-10-10T12:49:12","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T12:49:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/?page_id=2343"},"modified":"2024-01-10T11:32:10","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T11:32:10","slug":"head-neck-cancer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/index.php\/head-neck-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Head &#038; Neck Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2343\" class=\"elementor elementor-2343\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db37ce2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db37ce2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0bcac5\" data-id=\"c0bcac5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96be1f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96be1f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Breast Carcinoma<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Breast cancer usually begins in the glands that produce milk or in the ducts that carry it to the nipple. It can grow larger in the breast and spread to nearby lymph nodes or through bloodstream to other organs.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-018db0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"018db0f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f78e451\" data-id=\"f78e451\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce52828 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gva-gallery\" data-id=\"ce52828\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"gva-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gva-element-gva-gallery gva-element\">\r\n<div class=\"gva-gallery-carousel swiper-slider-wrapper style-1 \">\r\n\t<div class=\"swiper-content-inner\">\r\n   \t<div class=\"init-carousel-swiper swiper\" data-carousel=\"{&quot;items&quot;:1,&quot;items_lg&quot;:1,&quot;items_md&quot;:1,&quot;items_sm&quot;:1,&quot;items_xs&quot;:1,&quot;items_xx&quot;:1,&quot;items_xxx&quot;:1,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;space_between&quot;:30,&quot;loop&quot;:1,&quot;speed&quot;:600,&quot;autoplay&quot;:1,&quot;autoplay_delay&quot;:4500,&quot;autoplay_hover&quot;:1,&quot;navigation&quot;:1,&quot;pagination&quot;:0,&quot;dynamic_bullets&quot;:0,&quot;pagination_type&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;}\">\r\n      \t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide item\">\r\n<div class=\"gallery-item\">\r\n\r\n               <div class=\"image\">\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-09-at-3.53.37-PM.png\" alt=\"Head &amp; Neck \" \/>  \r\n         <\/div>\r\n         <a class=\"photo-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-09-at-3.53.37-PM.png\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"gallery-3k5z\"><\/a>\r\n      \r\n      <div class=\"image-content\">\r\n         <div class=\"content-inner\">\r\n                           <h3 class=\"title\">Head & Neck <\/h3>\r\n                                       <div class=\"sub-title\">Cance<\/div>\r\n                     <\/div>   \r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n   <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>   <div class=\"swiper-nav-next\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-nav-prev\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57af92d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57af92d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. They begin in flat squamous cells of the different sites.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Carcinoma in situ &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a cancer is only found in the squamous layer of cells (epithelium<\/span><\/p><p><b>Invasive squamous cell carcinoma \u2013 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the cancer has grown beyond this cell layer and moved into the deeper tissue.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Cancer of unknown primary &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If doctors cannot identify where the cancer began.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a head and neck cancer starts in the salivary glands (see below), the tumor will usually be classified as an adenocarcinoma,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/node\/31342\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adenoid cystic carcinoma<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or mucoepidermoid carcinoma.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Types of head and neck cancer<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are 5 major types of head and neck cancer, named according to the part of the body where they originate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0The larynx is commonly called the voice box. This tube-shaped organ in the neck is important for breathing, talking, and swallowing. It is located at the top of the windpipe, or trachea. The hypopharynx is also called the gullet. It is the lower part of the throat that surrounds the larynx.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The nasal cavity is the space just behind the nose where air passes on its way to the throat. The paranasal sinuses are the air-filled areas that surround the nasal cavity.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nasopharyngeal cancer.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0The nasopharynx is the air passageway at the upper part of the throat behind the nose.\u00a0<\/span><b>Oral and oropharyngeal cancer.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The oral cavity includes the mouth and tongue. The oropharynx includes the middle of the throat, from the tonsils to the tip of the voice box.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Salivary gland cancer.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The salivary gland produces saliva. Saliva is the fluid that is released into the mouth to keep it moist and that contains enzymes that begin breaking down food.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>RISK FACTORS OF HEAD AND NECK CANCERS\u2014<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are 2 substances that greatly increase the risk of developing a head and neck cancer:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Tobacco-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0includes smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes; chewing tobacco; and using snuff. It is the single largest risk factor for head and neck cancer. Researchers estimate that 70% to 80% of head and neck cancers are linked to tobacco use, and the amount of tobacco use may affect the chance of recovery. <\/span><b>Second Hand Smoking OR Passive Smoking<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0may increase a person\u2019s risk of developing head and neck cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Alcohol.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frequent and heavy consumption raises the risk of developing cancer in the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Using alcohol and tobacco together increases this risk even more.<\/b><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Human papillomavirus (HPV<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).\u00a0Research shows that infection with\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/node\/24561\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HPV is a risk factor for head and neck cancer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Sexual activity with a person who has HPV is the most common way someone gets HPV. There are different types of HPV, called strains.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).\u00a0Exposure to EBV, which is more commonly known as the virus that causes mononucleosis or &#8220;mono,&#8221; plays a role in the development of\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/node\/31396\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nasopharyngeal cancer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gender.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Men are 2 to 3 times more likely than women to develop head and neck cancer. However, the rate of head and neck cancer in women has been rising for several decades.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Age.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0People over the age of 40 are at higher risk for head and neck cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Poor oral and dental hygiene.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Poor care of the mouth and teeth may increase the risk of head and neck cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Environmental or occupational inhalants.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Inhaling asbestos, wood dust, paint fumes, and certain chemicals may increase a person\u2019s risk of head and neck cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Marijuana use.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research suggests that people who have used marijuana may be at higher risk for head and neck cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Poor nutrition.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0A diet low in vitamins A and B can raise a person\u2019s risk of head and neck cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD).<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Reflux of stomach acid into the upper airway and throat may be associated with the development of head and neck cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Weakened immune system.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0A weakened immune system can raise a person\u2019s risk of head and neck cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Exposure to radiation.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Exposure to radiation is associated with salivary gland cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Previous history of head and neck cancer.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">People who have had 1 head and neck cancer have a higher chance of developing another head and neck cancer in the future.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>PREVENTION<br \/><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although there is no proven way to completely prevent this disease, you may be able to lower your risk.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/node\/28476\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stopping the use of all tobacco products<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0is the most important thing a person can do to reduce their risk, even for people who have been smoking for many years. Other steps that can reduce the risk of head and neck cancer include:<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoiding alcohol<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.net\/node\/24561\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reducing your risk of HPV infection<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0is also important. HPV exposure can be limited by reducing your number of sexual partners and using barrier methods of contraception during sex.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maintaining proper care of dentures. Poorly fitting dentures can trap tobacco and alcohol\u2019s cancer-causing substances. People who wear dentures should have their dentures evaluated by a dentist at least every 5 years to ensure a good fit. Dentures should be removed every night and cleaned and rinsed thoroughly every day.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Head and Neck Cancer:\u00a0 Symptoms and Signs<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes, people with head and neck cancer do not have any of the symptoms and signs described below. Or, the cause of a symptom or sign may be a medical condition that is not cancer.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27028b3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-gva-gallery\" data-id=\"27028b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"gva-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gva-element-gva-gallery gva-element\">\r\n<div class=\"gva-gallery-carousel swiper-slider-wrapper style-1 \">\r\n\t<div class=\"swiper-content-inner\">\r\n   \t<div class=\"init-carousel-swiper swiper\" data-carousel=\"{&quot;items&quot;:1,&quot;items_lg&quot;:1,&quot;items_md&quot;:1,&quot;items_sm&quot;:1,&quot;items_xs&quot;:1,&quot;items_xx&quot;:1,&quot;items_xxx&quot;:1,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;space_between&quot;:30,&quot;loop&quot;:1,&quot;speed&quot;:600,&quot;autoplay&quot;:1,&quot;autoplay_delay&quot;:4500,&quot;autoplay_hover&quot;:1,&quot;navigation&quot;:1,&quot;pagination&quot;:0,&quot;dynamic_bullets&quot;:0,&quot;pagination_type&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;}\">\r\n      \t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide item\">\r\n<div class=\"gallery-item\">\r\n\r\n               <div class=\"image\">\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-09-at-3.56.42-PM.png\" alt=\"\" \/>  \r\n         <\/div>\r\n         <a class=\"photo-gallery\" href=\"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-09-at-3.56.42-PM.png\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"gallery-wtte\"><\/a>\r\n      \r\n      <div class=\"image-content\">\r\n         <div class=\"content-inner\">\r\n                                 <\/div>   \r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n   <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>   <div class=\"swiper-nav-next\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-nav-prev\"><\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d14d6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d14d6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Swelling or a sore that does not heal; this is the most common symptom<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Red or white patch in the mouth<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lump, bump, or mass in the head or neck area, with or without pain<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Persistent sore throat<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foul mouth odor not explained by hygiene<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hoarseness or change in voice<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nasal obstruction or persistent nasal congestion<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frequent nose bleeds and\/or unusual nasal discharge<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Difficulty breathing<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Double vision<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Numbness or weakness of a body part in the head and neck region<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pain or difficulty chewing, swallowing, or moving the jaw or tongue<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jaw pain<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blood in the saliva or phlegm, which is mucus discharged into the mouth from respiratory passages<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loosening of teeth<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dentures that no longer fit<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unexplained weight loss, Fatigue<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ear pain or infection<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><b>Head and Neck Cancer: Diagnosis<\/b><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Physical examination\/blood and urine tests.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0During a physical examination, the doctor feels for any lumps on the neck, lips, gums, and cheeks. Blood and urine tests may be done to help diagnose cancer.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Endoscopy.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A tube is gently inserted through the nose into the throat and down the esophagus to examine inside the head and neck. The examination has different names depending on the area of the body that is examined, such as laryngoscopy to view the larynx, pharyngoscopy to view the pharynx, or nasopharyngoscopy to view the nasopharynx. When these procedures are combined, they are sometimes referred to as a panendoscopy.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Biopsy.\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u00a0is the removal of a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope. A pathologist then analyzes the sample(s) removed during the biopsy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>FNAC-<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; fine needle aspiration. During this procedure, cells are collected using a thin needle inserted directly into the tumor or lymph node. The cells are examined under a microscope for cancer cells, which is called a cytologic examination.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Biomarker testing of the tumor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This is running laboratory tests on a tumor sample to identify specific genes, proteins, and other factors unique to the tumor. This may also be called molecular testing of the tumor. Results of these tests can help determine treatment options<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>X-ray\/barium swallow.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0An x-ray is a way to create a picture of the structures inside of the body, using a small amount of radiation. A barium swallow may be required to identify abnormalities along the swallowing passage. During a barium swallow, a person swallows a liquid containing barium, and a series of x-rays are taken.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ultrasound.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0It\u00a0uses sound waves to create a picture of internal organs.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0This\u00a0takes pictures of the inside of the body using x-rays taken from different angles. A computer combines these pictures into a detailed, 3-dimensional image that shows any abnormalities or tumors<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0This uses magnetic fields, not x-rays, to produce detailed images of the body, especially images of soft tissue, such as the tonsils and base of the tongue..<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bone scan.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0. This test may be done to see if cancer has spread to the bones.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Positron emission tomography (PET) or PET-CT scan.<\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A PET scan is usually combined with a CT scan (see above), A PET scan is a way to create pictures of organs and tissues inside the body. A small amount of a radioactive sugar substance is injected into the patient\u2019s body. Because cancer tends to use energy actively, it absorbs more of the radioactive substance. However, the amount of radiation in the substance is too low to be harmful. A scanner then detects this substance to produce images of the inside of the body.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the diagnosis is cancer, these results also help the doctor describe the cancer. This is called <\/span><b>staging.<\/b><\/p><p><b>Head and Neck Cancer: Types of Treatment<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main Treatment options according to the stage of the disease are\u2014<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surgery<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Radiation therapy<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemotherapy<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Targeted therapy<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immunotherapy<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Adapted from-2005-2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).)<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Breast Carcinoma Breast cancer usually begins in the glands that produce milk or in the ducts that carry it to the nipple. It can grow larger in the breast and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2343","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2343"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2748,"href":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2343\/revisions\/2748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drswarupamitra.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}