Colorectal Cancer
What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer is a malignancy that begins in the colon or rectum. These are parts of the large intestine that help process food and waste. When cells in these areas grow uncontrollably, tumors can develop, leading to cancer.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of colorectal cancer is not known, several factors increase the risk of developing it:
- Age: Most cases occur in individuals aged 50 or older.
- Family history: Those with a family member who had colorectal cancer are at a higher risk.
- Polyps: Non-cancerous growths in the colon or rectum can become malignant over time.
- Diet: Diets high in red meats and low in fruits and vegetables may increase risk.
- Smoking and Alcohol: Both have been linked to colorectal cancer.
Symptoms
- Changes in bowel habits, like diarrhea or constipation
- Rectal bleeding or blood in stool
- Persistent abdominal discomfort
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
Prevention and Screening
Regular screening is vital, as it can detect polyps before they become cancerous. Common screening tests include:
- Colonoscopy: Examines the entire colon using a long, flexible tube.
- Sigmoidoscopy: Examines the lower part of the colon.
- Stool tests: Check for signs of cancer in stool.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the stage and location of the cancer, but common options include:
- Surgery
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
Conclusion
Awareness and early detection are key to combating colorectal cancer. Regular screenings, understanding risk factors, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce risks.